From the lost drawer: Italian calligraphy book from the 1900s

Et Cetera

Dating the book

The book is approximately 13.5 cm tall and 28.5 cm wide, and consists of 40 plates plus an illustrated inside cover. There is no explicit printing date, but the publisher — Carlo Barbini Editore — was active between 1860 and 1918. According to this book, which lists all the publishers based in Milan, Italy, that were in business between 1900 and 1945, Carlo Barbini Editore added the book trade to its publishing activities in 1868.

Inside cover

As you can see in the bottom center of the inside cover, the publisher is listed as “Carlo Barbini Librajo Editore”. Libraio (here written in the spelling of the time) means bookseller in Italian. Therefore this book must have been printed after 1868. Since it clearly belonged to my great-grandfather (it has his signature on it) and he was born in the early 1890s, the book was probably used when he was a student during the 1900s (calligraphy was taught in high school back then). It’s hard to say when exactly it was printed — it could have very well been any year between 1868 and 1918 — but I venture a guess that it may have been printed in the 1900s at the latest. The 1910s is too late a period for my great-grandfather to have used it in school (he fought in World War I).

Structure of the book

The book consists of 40 plates. It begins with a few plates (№ 1 to 10) outlining the way to draw letters. Then it offers examples of alphabets and words in various styles (round, italic, English script, Gothic script) (plates № 12 to 19). Then there are a few plates with different typographic examples (№ 20 to 22, then № 29 to 34). Plates № 23 to 28 offer a fair amount of beautifully ornate monograms, while plates № 35 to 39 are examples of headings to use in letterheads.

Condition of the book

Considering that this book is at least 100 years old, I’d say things could be worse. The paper used is rather thick and coarse, and it certainly helped the book survive all these years. Unfortunately it was mishandled and abused, probably when it was passed to my grandfather and his brother when they were kids. They treated it as a colouring book and there are a lot of scribblings on many of the pages. Some I was able to erase because thankfully they were done with pencils, but there are pages showing markings made with coloured pencils, crayons and even dip pens. For these, I did my best at cleaning up the scans using the stamp tool in Graphic Converter. Sadly, there are also a few pages missing (ripped or cut off).

Cleaning up

All the scans presented here are of the pages and plates I could scan and restore. If a plate is missing, it’s because either the page itself was missing or the page was so badly damaged/abused it wasn’t worth presenting. I managed to clean up a few plates where the abuse was light. I proceeded with caution and I decided to limit the cleaning process to a minimum to avoid results that would have looked too artificial for a 100-year-old book. My aim was to make letters and glyphs more legible, nothing more. Here are a few before-and-after examples of the work I did:

Cleaning up

 

Cleaning up

 

Cleaning up

 

Cleaning up

 

The scans

And here are all the scans. I have made available a Dropbox folder containing the high-resolution images (filenames ending with ‘c’ — e.g. tav03c.jpg — indicate that the plate has been retouched and cleaned).

Enjoy.

Plate 1
Plate 1

 

Plate 3
Plate 3

 

Plate 5
Plate 5

 

Plate 6
Plate 6

 

Plate 12
Plate 12

 

Plate 13
Plate 13

 

Plate 14
Plate 14

 

Plate 15
Plate 15

 

Plate 16
Plate 16

 

Plate 17
Plate 17

 

Plate 18
Plate 18

 

Plate 19
Plate 19

 

Plate 25
Plate 25

 

Plate 26
Plate 26

 

Plate 27
Plate 27

 

Plate 28
Plate 28

 

Plate 29
Plate 29

 

Plate 30
Plate 30

 

Plate 32
Plate 32

 

Plate 34
Plate 34

 

Plate 39
Plate 39

 

Other posts in the “From the lost drawer” series

 

Tech podcasts need afterwords

Tech Life

Every tech pundit out there seem to have a podcast or frequently appears on one. There is an increasing number of generally interesting and quality podcasts and, let’s face it, it has become increasingly difficult for listeners to keep up with most of them. Even if you follow 3 or 4 podcasts on a regular basis, you’re more or less constantly missing out on at least 5 others, equally good, with equally interesting fellows.

A few days ago I was talking with a friend and explaining something I wanted to achieve, and he suggested I looked for a certain (old) episode of a certain podcast because one of the hosts was talking exactly about the same thing and giving valuable suggestions. It took me a while to find that, and in the process I couldn’t help but think about the sheer quantity of good stuff that is shared, mentioned, commented on all the currently running podcasts out there. Stuff that gets buried away pretty quickly because, if you can barely keep up with 3 or 4 podcasts, imagine searching for interesting information in their audio archives, or in the archives of a podcast you never followed but you were told you could find noteworthy content in some of its past episodes.

Usually a tech pundit will announce the upcoming episode of his or her podcast, with a more-or-less accurate outline of the topics they plan to treat, and that’s it. If you follow the pundit’s blog or website regularly, but not their podcast, you may notice something potentially interesting in that outline and maybe you’ll listen to a specific episode. That may work every now and then. But as you know, there are a lot of podcasts where the conversation between the hosts and the guests is in constant flow, doesn’t follow a rigid schedule, and may produce notable tangential observations one couldn’t expect by just reading the initial outline.

I think it would be great, and useful, that the pundit or pundits themselves could take note of the most important insights coming out during the broadcast of an episode of their podcast, and wrote a sort of ‘afterword’ after each episode. It doesn’t have to be a full transcript (it would be a folly considering that some podcasts have episodes longer than 1½ hours), but a sort of post-airing summary or recap, touching on the most interesting points made during an episode. It would be great for archival purposes (for those who made the podcasts and for the Internet at large), and it would provide an easier way to include what was said in a podcast if you want to transfer the debate over to the written word and to the written exchanges between blogs and websites. 

It would demand more effort on the part of the podcast creator(s), but I think it would add a lot of value to the product, in the end. I’m not convinced it would result in a loss of audience — on the contrary, by reading what’s been discussed in previous episodes in more detail, perhaps more people would start following different tech podcasts, because they would have a clearer idea of what they’re getting into.

Improving email has little to do with email

Tech Life

In recent times there have been a few attempts at ‘fixing’ or ‘reimagining’ email. This article on Medium is just the latest that has caught my eye. I keep believing email doesn’t need any fixing — that the problem is the user, not the medium per se. 

Email is the most versatile tool for communication. Versatile in the sense that it gives the user a lot of freedom of movement. Just to make a few examples: there are virtually no limits to the length of a message, you can attach pretty much any kind of file to an email message, and if you use it to broadcast messages to more than one recipient, you can specify exactly how many people can see those messages. Email is free from contexts and constraints thanks to its nature of general-purposeness. It’s really the digital equivalent of using pen and paper to communicate. 

The huge impact social networks and instant messaging are having on human online interaction has changed the way we communicate, with regard to both form and substance. We have come to expect shorter reaction times, more conciseness, more promptness when it comes to respond to a message, and — in a subtler way — we have come to expect more efficiency. We tend to get annoyed when someone is slow at getting back at us, when their response is more verbose and rambling, in other words when it doesn’t come in the way we expect. 

Email is seen as an old, obsolete way of communicating because it allows people to be slow, verbose, rambling, non-efficient and generally more ‘random’ in the way they express themselves. These attempts at ‘fixing’ email all want to change the way email works (socially and æsthetically; I’m not talking about protocols):

  • with regard to writing messages, the aim appears to be to basically reduce email to another, simplified, challenge/response social-network-flavoured communication tool;
  • with regard to email management, the aim appears to be to transform email into a productivity tool, similar to a task manager or a to-do app.

 

Many of these efforts, to me, look misguided. It’s like wanting to retrofit a hammer so that it can work like a screwdriver, when you could actually go and use a screwdriver — or a hammer, according to what you want to accomplish. There’s nothing intrinsically wrong with email, and while it is a versatile communication tool, it may not be the right one for what you’re trying to accomplish. With all the different communication tools we have in our digital arsenals today, I don’t see the point in wanting to change one at all costs to make it work like others that are already available. This shoehorning is largely unnecessary. 

One of the reasons why I’ve never really complained about the state of my email management is because I always try to pre-emptively suggest my correspondents what’s the best way to get in touch with me according to what they expect from our interaction. Quick comments or suggestions? Twitter or App.net. (Let me say that again: App.net is also great for private exchanges, since private messages can be up to 2048 characters long, thus allowing for a thoughtful, detailed communication.) Up for a chat? We can arrange one. Services like Facebook, Flickr, Instagram and Tumblr provide members with various intercommunication options (I’m not on Facebook, though). Then there are messaging platforms and apps: iMessage, Telegram, WhatsApp, Line, WeChat, etc. (I’m a happy Telegram customer, by the way). If all else fails, or if the nature of your message demands it, or if the kind of response you expect from me demands it, you are welcome to write me an email.

In the end it’s the same old story, really: use the best tool for the job at hand. In the article on Medium I mentioned at the beginning, the author writes: 

Most people don’t know how to write an efficient email and so what could have been one sentence ends up in a vomit of thoughts left for you to dissect.

I don’t know how we’re going to have people write better emails. 

In my opinion, the best course of action in this case is to tell people not to write you an email if you don’t want or don’t have the time to dissect their ramblings. Suggest others to use communication tools that have certain constraints in place by design, or that make it easier for you to handle exchanges and communications. I know it’s not always possible to do this, especially when someone new sends you an email out of the blue, but things do get more manageable when your interlocutors begin to understand the best (or quickest) way to receive a response from you. 

And when it’s time to write to someone, take these same factors into account and ask yourself whether email is really the most effective choice. If what you have to say is little more than a question or request, consider trying other channels, especially if the person you’re contacting is active on social networks. I’ve had people whose email response time is typically 7–10 days reply to me almost immediately via Twitter or App.net.

Email bankruptcy’ is not a failure of the medium, but an indicator that something’s wrong with how you manage email communications. All these attempts at fixing email want to make email more manageable by altering the workflow in a way or another, and many of the approaches I’ve seen so far have left me with the impression that the email process in the end gets complicated rather than simplified. Sure, approaching email messages as if they were tasks in a to-do application may be a good solution for the triaging stage, but at the end of the day you still have to deal with the messages themselves. There is no way around that. Just like a to-do app can’t carry out the tasks for you.

I think that, ultimately, it’s a matter of reconsidering certain habits instead of trying to find new ways to force a square peg into a round hole.

From the lost drawer: 1957 Italian typing manual

Et Cetera

The amount of interesting stuff I’ve inherited from my late grandparents is astounding, and I do wish I had much more free time (and a better, faster, professional scanner) to digitise it. I found this typing manual from 1957 half-hidden beneath old maps and model train catalogues; I almost missed it because its cover is missing.

The manual’s original title is Corso graduato di Dattilografia Razionale [which should translate to Rational Typing Graded Guide] by Luigia Ballerini Ratti and published by G.B. Petrini in Turin, 1957. About 90% of the book’s contents is made up of typing exercises, of course, but there’s an introductory section featuring a few interesting pictures of the most popular typing instruments of the time — most worth scanning. Apologies if some of the pictures aren’t perfectly aligned: the book is rather fragile due to the missing cover and spine, so I had to be delicate to avoid breaking it completely.

Fig05

The caption says: Typewriter for rendering Japanese characters.

 

Fig06

The caption says: Typewriter used for transcribing with ordinary characters and for typing shorthand.

 

Fig09

Olivetti Lexikon electric typewriter

 

Fig10

 

 

Fig12

Remington portable typewriter

 

Fig13

The new Underwood Standard De Luxe

 

Fig14

Underwood Sundstrand Adding Machine

 

Fig15

The famous Olivetti Divisumma electric calculator

 

Fig16

Olivetti teleprinter/teletypewriter

 

Fig17

Remington Rand Adding Machine — model 93

 

Fig18

Remington Rand Foremost Bookkeeping Machine

 

Fig25

 

This is a diagram that explains how to place your hands on the keyboard to correctly type using all ten fingers.

Translation:
Tastiera universale = Universal keyboard
Mano sinistra = Left hand
Mano destra = Right hand
Mignolo = Little finger
Anulare = Annular (ring finger)
Medio = Middle finger
Indice = Index finger
Maiuscole = Caps key
Barra spaziatrice = Spacebar
Pollice = Thumb

 

A Dropbox folder containing the high-resolution scans of these images is available at this link. Enjoy.

Other posts in the “From the lost drawer” series

 

NYC 99

Briefly

Nyc99 miller 1843 sm

I mentioned this work in progress by Jim Hughes on Twitter and App.net when it went online back in February, but I feel it deserves another, more permanent mention here on my website as well.

Jim Hughes is the author of the excellent Codex 99, and if you love design, typography, cartography, illustration, photography and environs, you should really add it to your RSS feeds. In February he launched a new web project, NYC 99, which he described as being basically a Codex 99 post expanded into an entire site.

What is NYC 99? In short, an historical atlas of New York City. From the About page:

The idea of NYC 99 is to present significant and/or interesting maps of the city with enough historical background to provide at least some context. The history of NYC is, ultimately, the history of pretty much everything and there is certainly no shortage of material, both in print and online. [To] make up for my severe and probably over-simplified condensing I’ve included references to original sources.

For each of the maps I’ve tried to include, wherever possible, at least one example large enough to actually read. As more and more cultural institutions (read: libraries) put their collections online this part is becoming increasingly easier.

Again, this is a work in progress, so don’t visit expecting this huge collection of maps. I imagine this is a demanding work of curation and so far Hughes has put together a great narrative, and the materials are of excellent quality. Maybe if you have first-hand access to resources he needs for the project, you could help him with his endeavour.