L’imbattibile Apple

Mele e appunti

Quando ancora mi lasciavo coinvolgere in lunghe e futili discussioni su forum e mailing list, ricordo che un corrispondente mi scrisse in privato iniziando così il suo sfogo: “Visto che tu sostieni l’imbattibilità di Apple…”. Questo incipit già contiene una imprecisione: non ho mai sostenuto che Apple sia imbattibile, sono i fatti a dimostrare che Apple oggi è un avversario difficile da battere per quelle aziende che si trovano a competere negli stessi mercati. 

Potrei star qui a scrivere fiumi di parole sul successo di Apple, sulla visione di Jobs che dal suo ritorno alla guida dell’azienda nel 1997 ne ha sbagliate davvero poche, sulla cultura interna di Apple che mette il designer un gradino sopra l’ingegnere, sulla qualità di hardware e software e dell’importanza di controllare entrambi, e così via.

Voglio invece osservare la situazione da un altro punto prospettico: le ragioni dell’insuccesso della concorrenza. Per evitare di dilungarmi troppo, dovrò per forza semplificare. A mio avviso, comunque, due fra gli errori più eclatanti che i concorrenti di Apple continuano a commettere sono:

  1. L’apparente incapacità di liberare la loro cultura e mentalità dai retaggi dell’informatica degli anni Novanta e primi Duemila, e di mantenerle realmente al passo coi tempi. Quando scrissi questo articolo per iCreate nel luglio 2011, ricordavo la dichiarazione del presidente della divisione Windows Phone di Microsoft, Andy Lees, che alla Worldwide Partners Conference dello scorso anno spiegò perché sarebbe stato difficile vedere un tablet Microsoft basato su Windows Phone 7, preferendo Windows 8 come sistema operativo per tablet futuri: “Noi [di Microsoft] consideriamo il tablet come un PC”. E osservando Surface, il tablet che alla fine Microsoft è riuscita a produrre, questa dichiarazione non sembra smentirsi anche a distanza di più di un anno. Il successo della piattaforma iOS e delle tre generazioni di iPad è sostanzialmente la dimostrazione del contrario, ovvero che per ‘afferrare’ l’idea del tablet come moderno dispositivo personale occorre considerarlo tutto fuorché un PC. (Almeno per come lo intende Microsoft, nella forma e nella funzione che ha da vent’anni a questa parte).
  2. La loro insistenza nel voler copiare Apple in tutto e per tutto, a eccezione di quegli aspetti fondamentali che alla fine contano davvero. La dinamica è nota: Apple presenta un prodotto nuovo, la reazione della concorrenza è anzitutto di sufficienza; poi si manifesta il tentativo di minimizzare il prodotto Apple; poi, a fronte dell’assordante successo di pubblico, inizia la corsa alle fotocopiatrici. Ed è sempre troppo tardi. Lo si è visto con iPod dieci anni fa, poi con iPhone e ora con iPad e persino con i Mac portatili (interessante come il MacBook Air sia passato dall’essere l’ultraportatile più deriso, al più copiato — Esempio 1, Esempio 2, Esempio 3, per far tre esempi veloci, e osserviamo come anche l’ultimo Chromebook, pur avendo una forma generale e un profilo leggermente diversi, abbia una tastiera, un grande trackpad e persino la rientranza sotto il trackpad presi di peso dal modello da 11 pollici del MacBook Air).

Per me, che sono un mero osservatore, è sorprendente e inconcepibile che le aziende concorrenti di Apple, grandi e grosse come sono, continuino imperterrite a ripercorrere gli stessi passi in maniera ciclica, commettendo gli stessi errori. Viene spontaneo reagire pensando “Ma non hanno ancora capito la lezione?”. Per ‘battere’ Apple, a mio avviso, l’ultima cosa da fare è copiarne i prodotti, specie uno come iPad che ha definito un mercato e che ha già il vantaggio di essere in commercio da più di due anni e di aver venduto decine di milioni di unità. Oltre a essere una chiara ammissione di sconfitta in partenza, l’unico modo per riuscire davvero a spuntarla è quello di realizzare un prodotto talmente di qualità, talmente interessante, talmente ben fatto e con così tanto da offrire che il pubblico possa dire Perché comprare un iPad quando c’è questo Tablet X, che mi dà molto di più? Come abbiamo visto, creare un prodotto del genere si è dimostrato molto più difficile del previsto.

Gli aspetti e le dinamiche di Apple da cui prendere esempio sono innanzi tutto gli altissimi standard interni: basta cianciare di prodotti innovativi, ma chiudersi in un laboratorio e mettersi di buona lena a crearne davvero. E non introdurre dei prodotti mezzi pronti, tanto per far vedere che ci sono, quando nella realtà pratica sono inutilizzabili per assenza di software.

Un altro aspetto per cui val la pena seguire l’esempio di Apple: mettere l’esperienza utente davanti a tutto; sforzarsi di capire che alle persone non interessano più le specifiche tecniche nude e crude, ma, specie in un tablet o smartphone, quel che il dispositivo può fare per loro (e che sia in grado di farlo al meglio). Uno non acquista iPad perché ha il processore dual-core o tot MB di RAM, ma perché lo aiuta a spiegare al figlio il sistema solare grazie a un’applicazione che crea un planetario interattivo, per dire. 

Per ottenere questo è essenziale poter controllare l’hardware, il software e la relativa piattaforma di sviluppo. Quando scrissi questo articolo l’anno scorso, concludevo affermando:

Per come la vedo io l’unica azienda a trovarsi nella posizione di mettere in atto tale strategia è HP, che con l’acquisizione di Palm ora possiede anche il software per pilotare i propri prodotti. webOS è un sistema operativo dal grande potenziale: vedremo se HP sarà abbastanza coraggiosa e opterà per un approccio da era ‘post-PC’, oppure se si lascerà frenare dalla mentalità della ‘vecchia’ informatica. 

Sappiamo tutti come è andata a finire. È bastato un breve periodo sotto la direzione di un CEO miope e incompetente — Léo Apotheker — per buttare a mare questo potenziale. E anche Meg Whitman, il CEO attuale, sembra dura di comprendonio su questo aspetto. Traducendo parte delle sue dichiarazioni che si possono leggere in questo articolo di Computerworld UK, la Whitman ha detto:

Non abbiamo in programma di introdurre uno smartphone nel 2013, ma dobbiamo iniziare a pensare a quale possa essere una nostra strategia specifica e a come inquadrare questo elemento del mercato del personal computing

Per dirla con Gruber: fai con comodo, HP, non c’è mica fretta…

HP deve offrire ogni genere di dispositivo, dalle workstation, ai PC con un fattore di forma ‘tutto in uno’, ai portatili, ai tablet e, infine, agli smartphone. 

L’elenco delle priorità parla da solo. In una realtà tecnologica sempre più orientata al mobile, mettere tablet e smartphone agli ultimi posti forse non è una buona idea (opinione mia personale). 

Credo che se in cinque anni non produrremo uno smartphone o qualunque sia la sua prossima incarnazione, saremo tagliati fuori da un enorme segmento della popolazione in svariati paesi del mondo. 

In cinque anni”? L’ottimismo è apprezzabile, ma qui rasentiamo la fantasia. Se questo è il modo di vedere e affrontare il mercato da parte della concorrenza, per forza Apple finisce con l’essere un avversario duro da battere. 

Nota: Questo articolo è originariamente apparso sul N. 87 della rivista iCreate (agosto 2011). Le parti più datate dell’articolo sono state aggiornate tenendo conto degli eventi trascorsi nel frattempo.

Confessions of an avid book reader

Handpicked

Source: Joe Queenan: My 6,128 Favorite Books — WSJ.com

As a lover of physical books myself, I couldn’t help but smile when I read this bit:

Books as physical objects matter to me, because they evoke the past. A Métro ticket falls out of a book I bought 40 years ago, and I am transported back to the Rue Saint-Jacques on Sept. 12, 1972, where I am waiting for someone named Annie LeCombe. A telephone message from a friend who died too young falls out of a book, and I find myself back in the Chateau Marmont on a balmy September day in 1995. A note I scribbled to myself in “Homage to Catalonia” in 1973 when I was in Granada reminds me to learn Spanish, which I have not yet done, and to go back to Granada.

None of this will work with a Kindle. People who need to possess the physical copy of a book, not merely an electronic version, believe that the objects themselves are sacred. Some people may find this attitude baffling, arguing that books are merely objects that take up space. This is true, but so are Prague and your kids and the Sistine Chapel. Think it through, bozos.

The world is changing, but I am not changing with it. There is no e‑reader or Kindle in my future. My philosophy is simple: Certain things are perfect the way they are. The sky, the Pacific Ocean, procreation and the Goldberg Variations all fit this bill, and so do books. Books are sublimely visceral, emotionally evocative objects that constitute a perfect delivery system.

I also liked some of the comments (something that’s getting increasingly rare for me nowadays), especially this one, by Craig Smith:

I love the printed book. I enjoy reading hardbound books for the ability to write notes in the columns and underline inspiring thoughts or well-written sentences with a highlighter — like articulate sound bites that I get to enjoy over and over. I bought books for my grandchildren when they were young, I would read the books to them on warm summer nights at the cottage, during rainy days on vacation or while babysitting. I’d always write the date and a short note about the day we were together on the inside front cover. They are both good students now and they love to read. But now, when we return to the cottage in the spring to get it ready for summer vacation or when they come back home for the holidays, they love to go to the bookshelf and find some of the old books we read together. They can’t wait to look inside the books to read the note I left behind years earlier. They love to recall the special time we shared reading the book together. I do too.

‘We are indeed less willing to agree on what constitutes truth’

Handpicked

Source: Shirky: ‘We are indeed less willing to agree on what constitutes truth’ | Poynter.

Clay Shirky:

There seems to be less respect for consensus because there is less respect for consensus. This change is not good or bad per se — it has simply made agreement a scarcer commodity across all issues of public interest. The erosion of controls on public speech have enabled Birthers to make their accusations against the President public; it also allows newly-emboldened groups — feminists, atheists, Muslims, Mormons — to press their issues in public, in opposition to traditional public beliefs, a process similar to gay rights post-Stonewall, but now on a faster and more national scale.

There’s no going back. Journalists now have to operate in a world where no statement, however trivial, will be completely secured from public gainsaying. At the same time, public production of speech, not just consumption, means that the policing of ethical failures has passed out of the hands of the quasi-professional group of journalists employed in those outlets, and has become another form of public argument.

This alters the public sphere in important ways.

(via Khoi Vinh)

Stainless is now open source

Software

When the Stainless project started, we were using Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard. PowerPC Macs were still around, but Google Chrome would run on Intel-based Macs only. As a response to Chrome, Stainless featured its own multi-process architecture. One of the advantages of such architecture, in plain words, is that each open tab in the browser is a separate process. If a Web page has some component (or bad code) that compromises the stability of the browser, only that tab would ‘crash’, and could be subsequently closed, without bringing down the whole browser. If I’m not mistaken, at the time Stainless launched, it was the only browser for PowerPC Macs with such a feature, and I loved it for that. I have also loved Stainless’ overall speed, and it’s the only third-party browser I keep on all my G4 PowerBooks with Mac OS X 10.5.8.

Another Stainless feature I really like and use often is parallel sessions. As the Stainless homepage explains, these “allow you to log into a site using different credentials in separate tabs at the same time. This new technology is woven throughout Stainless, from the private cookie storage system, to session-aware bookmarks that remember the session in which they were saved.” For me it’s been a quick way to check two or three different Gmail accounts without opening my email client, to make just one example.

I’ve always followed Stainless’ progress as version numbers approached the 1.0 goal, but roughly after version 0.7, introduced on 22 September 2009, updates have been getting few and far between (version 0.7.5 went live on 4 November 2009, but we had to wait until 25 July 2011 for version 0.8). Even the developer’s Twitter account lacked updates, and I was starting to think that the project had been abandoned — a real pity.

But on September 28 the developer broke the silence with a tweet announcing their decision:

After long consideration and much guilt about the state of the project, I’ve decided to make #stainless open source.

Followed by another:

If you are an OS X dev who is interested in participating, please email me at software[AT]mesadynamics[DOT]com, thanks!

I have already retweeted both tweets, but I felt like posting about this hoping to reach an even wider audience. I really hope some Mac OS X developer responds to Mesa Dynamics’ plea and helps perfect this nice, lightweight browser. It would be a shame if Stainless became just another piece of abandonware.

Managing files — so what?

Tech Life

Considering Patel’s previous article about the iPod nano, Apple’s timid new iPod nano sidesteps a smartwatch revolution, I wasn’t really surprised by his iPod nano review for The Verge. Yet there are passages that strike me as a bit too sarcastic or hyperbolic, and I’d like to share my views on the matter.

Patel writes:

Files. Managing files. Endless files, in formats. Remember files? With file extensions? And sizes and bad metadata and missing cover art and all those weirdo checkboxes in iTunes that make compilation albums either go together or not go together or maybe make tracks appear in seemingly random order throughout your huge list of music files? Using the seventh-generation iPod nano in 2012 involves taking a trip back to a world in which files really matter. Files, man. Files in iTunes. You want to listen to music with an iPod nano? Then you better get ready to open iTunes and plug in a cable and transfer some hot nasty files. It’s like taking a time machine to 2010, before Apple itself started pushing everyone away from files and towards iCloud.

Yes, I remember files. Easy, because I have them before my eyes right now. Video files, text files, formatted text files, audio files, PDF files, PNG files, JPEG files, TIFF files, GIF files, preference files, source code files, you name it. And speaking of iTunes, my main library (roughly 60 GB — not that huge, perhaps, though I have a separate library for classical music that weighs about 90 GB) is in perfect order already. Yes, there have been messy situations in the past, with missing album covers and tracks not correctly grouped, but that mostly happened when I used to import some old CDs and sometimes there wasn’t a perfect match in the Gracenote database. Making the right adjustments has never been a really time-consuming thing for me, and for bad MP3 tags and general audio file management I’ve always relied on a couple of applications — Max and xACT — which are great tools for the job.

And what’s that about “taking a trip back to a world in which files really matter”? As if today files had vanished into thin air. We may indeed live in a post-PC era, but we haven’t yet entered a post-files era. Files are still everywhere, and yes, they’re in iCloud too. And should we talk about what a sandboxed mess managing files in iCloud is? If you’ve missed it, take a look at this interesting Macworld article by Christopher Breen, titled When Documents in the Cloud aren’t.

Another thing I don’t get is this sudden hate for cables and everything that’s wired. Don’t get me wrong, I too find annoying to have a desk full of cables, and have welcomed Bluetooth keyboards, mice and trackpads. I, too, like and appreciate the benefits of syncing stuff via the cloud, and my workflow would be shattered if I lacked things like Dropbox and Simplenote. But really, we’re talking about putting some music on an iPod every now and then, what’s so horribly wrong in using a cable to do that? It’s the same cable you’d use to charge the iPod, in the end.

Speaking of cables in general, I still find wired connections to be more reliable than wireless solutions in some use cases. I witnessed a Time Machine backup over wireless to a Time Capsule not long ago and, well, let’s say I really like my Time Machine backups over a FireWire 800 connection. Every time I have to download huge files from the Internet (for instance when I had to download the Mac OS X Lion and Mountain Lion installers), I still prefer a direct Gigabit Ethernet connection to the router, which in my mixed home network setup is still the fastest option. (I also remember the time when iPods connected to the Mac via FireWire instead of USB or Wi-Fi, those were fast transfers). Oh, and have you tried restoring your iOS device from an iCloud backup? Not exactly blindingly fast, right? That’s the future though. Literally, because we’re not quite there yet. Only few spots in the world can enjoy a truly fast, reliable, forget-about-cables, wireless connection. People who live in those spots tend to have a slightly different perspective on these matters — they see wonderful trees, for sure, but I don’t think they have a clear idea of the condition of the global forest, so to speak.

The problem is that asking regular people to manage their iPod’s music files in 2012 is basically the same as asking them to actually code their own iPhone apps.

Boom! Really? Bit of a stretch here, yes?

I agree on one, undeniable point: that the iPod is losing relevance. However, this doesn’t mean that there’s no target audience for it anymore. As I said in my previous piece Siding with the new ‘timid’ iPod nano:

Not every user of modern gadgets out there shares the same habits as us geeks. Not everyone has the latest iPhone, iPod touch or iPad. Some people use a ‘classic’ iPod for listening to music and don’t have an iPhone (or any other multi-touch smartphone for that matter). Some people prefer buying an iPod nano instead of an iPod touch or an iPhone for their preadolescent children. Some people may like the simplicity of the non-iOS iPods but prefer other platforms for their phones and tablets. Some people may not even afford anything above the nano’s price point. These are just the first counterexamples that come to mind.

In his review, Patel says that “streaming services like Spotify and Rdio and Pandora are clearly the future” and I won’t argue that, but again I’ll say that yes, they’re clearly the future, not the present. Let’s put aside the fact that those streaming services are not even available in more than a bunch of countries. To enjoy a service like Spotify, your device has to have a Wi-Fi connection — even better, a cellular connection. Yes, you have the (premium) option of transferring music files locally for listening when your iPhone or iPad are not connected to a network, but then you would be back to managing files locally, something horribly ‘clunky and archaic’ according to Patel.

Imagine an iPod that worked like a Kindle: you get a free cellular service worldwide and you can listen to your purchased iTunes music — and any music from whatever third-party service you subscribe to — directly streamed to your device, every time you want, wherever you are. You also have to imagine a robust worldwide cellular coverage, of course. That would be great. But we’re not there yet, at least globally. And probably we should be already. For the time being, connecting your iPod to the Mac via a cable every now and then, selecting a bunch of songs (and audiobooks and podcasts), and copying them to the iPod while it’s charging doesn’t seem such a big deal to me.