On modern loneliness

Handpicked

Last month I forgot to link to Is Facebook Making Us Lonely? — a magnificent article by Stephen Marche published on The Atlantic. It is a long, but required reading, because it deals with a problem that’s getting increasingly serious: loneliness. The report’s summary says it all: Social media — from Facebook to Twitter — have made us more densely networked than ever. Yet for all this connectivity, new research suggests that we have never been lonelier (or more narcissistic)—and that this loneliness is making us mentally and physically ill. A report on what the epidemic of loneliness is doing to our souls and our society.

I particularly liked this bit:

To Cacioppo, Internet communication allows only ersatz intimacy. “Forming connections with pets or online friends or even God is a noble attempt by an obligatorily gregarious creature to satisfy a compelling need,” he writes. “But surrogates can never make up completely for the absence of the real thing.” The “real thing” being actual people, in the flesh. When I speak to Cacioppo, he is refreshingly clear on what he sees as Facebook’s effect on society. Yes, he allows, some research has suggested that the greater the number of Facebook friends a person has, the less lonely she is. But he argues that the impression this creates can be misleading. “For the most part,” he says, “people are bringing their old friends, and feelings of loneliness or connectedness, to Facebook.” The idea that a Web site could deliver a more friendly, interconnected world is bogus. The depth of one’s social network outside Facebook is what determines the depth of one’s social network within Facebook, not the other way around. Using social media doesn’t create new social networks; it just transfers established networks from one platform to another. For the most part, Facebook doesn’t destroy friendships—but it doesn’t create them, either. 

Take your time, but make sure you read the whole report.

The HAL Project enters Stage 3

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HAL simulation

I’ve always followed The HAL Project & HAL 9000 Screensaver with great interest since the beginning, and have been running this screensaver on my most used Macs for a long time. Three years ago, developer Joe Mackenzie started work to improve the already great version 2.0 (Stage 2) by redrawing all the animations with maniacal accuracy, and also creating new ones, for what would become version 3.0 (Stage 3). It’s clear that a project of this kind would take some time, and I knew it was worth the wait.

Mackenzie explains:

The new HAL 9000 Screensaver (version 3.0) now features more detailed animations than ever before. Each has been redrawn (using an improved curve rendering technique) to optimise image quality. Custom made typefaces have been used to improve accuracy while multiple displays, wide aspect ratios, and all Windows and Mac OS X platforms are now fully supported. There are now also two versions to choose from; full screen animated displays or the animated console.

The previous version of the screensaver is still offered for free, while the new ‘advanced’ version costs $5. If you’re thinking “What? Five bucks for a screensaver?”, think again. Download the older, free version just to see what this is about, then imagine something so much improved. Think of it as a way to acknowledge the passion that went into this project. Of course, for Kubrick fans, this is a must-have.

Leaving the Internet for a year

Tech Life

At the end of April, Paul Miller of The Verge published an article explaining that in May he would leave the Internet for a year. Since the Internet, and especially tech-oriented sites and blogs, feast on things like these, it was obvious and predictable that such a decision would trigger the most varied reactions. On Twitter, I stopped counting the jokes and irony against Miller, and the general immaturity of said reactions (there’s the inevitable mockery as well) has led me to react, in turn, by pointing out: Guy decides to leave the Internet for a year. People make fun of him. Who would leave the Internet when it’s so full of mature people!?

At the heart of Miller’s reasons there’s this bit:

Now I want to see the Internet at a distance. By separating myself from the constant connectivity, I can see which aspects are truly valuable, which are distractions for me, and which parts are corrupting my very soul. What I worry is that I’m so “adept” at the Internet that I’ve found ways to fill every crevice of my life with it, and I’m pretty sure the Internet has invaded some places where it doesn’t belong. 

Many of the most critical reactions against Miller (critical and serious, I mean) tend to emphasise how this experiment is essentially useless, because basically, once the offline period is over, everything will go back as it was before. Others have said that removing Internet in its entirety from your life is an unnecessarily drastic, and ultimately ineffective, approach; a state of forced self-castration that would pretend to solve a problem by eliminating it completely. A more reasoned and selective approach would be preferable, pruning unnecessary branches to achieve a more balanced relationship with the current always-on lifestyle.

In my opinion all of these objections are justified, but I tend to sympathise with Miller and his intentions, and I think that in part he has been misunderstood. As I said before, I consider the Internet and this ‘always online’ dimension as a kind of necessary drug. Necessary not so much because it is essential per se, but because it is an ingredient of today’s reality we must inevitably deal with, in one way or another. Internet acts just like any other drug, including alcohol and smoking, creating addiction and instant gratification that lead users to want more and more of it. With the incredible proliferation of smartphones and tablets, ‘doing stuff online’ is no longer an activity relegated to staying in front of a computer in a bedroom, study or office. It’s like having an endless supply of cigarettes always with us, or a flask that never runs out of whiskey. And like any drug, Internet changes people’s habits (I think that the changes are generally for the worse, but it’s not what I want to talk about right now).

Many people are fine with the changes brought about by this increasingly intrusive Internet, because they have instinctively found a balance, or because they feel that staying connected the whole time is not a problem and is not perceived as such. For those — like Miller — who instead realise that Internet’s ubiquity is becoming something that brings a detrimental impact on their lives, the problem becomes how to ‘detoxify’, how to come off it, or at least how to adjust the intoxication to acceptable levels (and this is my case, because my work keeps me from simply logging off completely from the Internet for a year, although I admit I’d love it). And this is where things get complicated, because usually the solution to any drug problem is detoxification: to cure themselves permanently, any addict, smoker, alcoholic must stop taking the drug, period. Tell a heroin addict to “lower the dose,” tell a smoker to “smoke less,” tell a drinker to “drop the whiskey and just drink a couple of glasses of wine at lunch” — all suggestions that do not solve the problem. In these cases, things are really either black or white. With the Internet, it’s all shades of grey.

With the Internet everyone has to find their own system for adjusting their ‘intoxication’. Again, there are those who can do that with continuous adjustments, every day, in real time. Some people manage to find a balance between online life, its information overload, and offline moments of detachment to share in person with friends and family. Then there are people like Miller, who, in all probability, have kept going on, believing that everything was going well, until one day they came to a breaking point when they realised that things were spinning out of control. It happened to an acquaintance of mine when, in an emergency situation, he realised he was more committed to tweeting about that emergency situation rather than actually putting himself out of harm’s way; this was the extent of his conditioned reflexes.

So, perhaps Miller’s idea to leave Internet for a year is utter nonsense, because in May 2013 he will just reconnect and within a week he’ll find himself living his online life and online habits exactly as before, and therefore he won’t have solved anything. But his experiment can also serve him to better understand which parts of the Internet are essential to him, which are not exactly so, and which can be entirely eliminated, as indeed he mentioned in his piece. (What’s more, such a period of self-imposed exile may be useful for getting rid of certain conditioned reflexes deriving from our daily interaction with the online world, especially through social networks and related services). Maybe others in Miller’s position would simply need a week or a month offline, but we are all different people and I believe we should respect Miller’s decision, instead of reacting with sarcasm, mockery, or thinking that our methods of experiencing Internet are the best or are applicable to anyone indiscriminately.

Lasciare Internet per un anno

Mele e appunti

Alla fine di aprile, Paul Miller di The Verge pubblicava un articolo in cui spiegava che a partire da maggio avrebbe lasciato Internet per un anno. Essendo Internet, e specialmente il panorama dei blog a sfondo tecnologico, il solito covo di comari, era ovvio e prevedibile che una mossa come questa avrebbe scatenato un dibattito. Su Twitter ho smesso di contare le battute e l’ironia nei confronti di Miller, e la generale immaturità delle reazioni mi ha portato a reagire a mia volta sottolineando sarcasticamente come, con un’Internet così matura e aperta alle opinioni altrui, chi mai potrebbe pensare di abbandonarla un anno?

Al centro delle ragioni di Miller c’è questo passaggio:

Ora voglio osservare Internet da una prospettiva più distante. Separandomi dalla costante connettività potrò meglio distinguere quali aspetti [di Internet] abbiano veramente un valore, quali rappresentano solo delle distrazioni, e quali parti stanno avvelenandomi l’anima. Quel che mi preoccupa è che il mio essere diventato talmente ‘esperto’ all’uso di Internet mi ha reso possibile impiegarla per riempire ogni minimo interstizio della mia vita, e sono abbastanza sicuro che Internet abbia invaso certi spazi che non le appartengono. 

Molte delle reazioni più critiche nei confronti di Miller (critiche e serie, intendo dire) tendono a sottolineare come questo esperimento sia fondamentalmente privo di utilità, perché in sostanza, una volta terminato il periodo offline, tutto ritorna come prima. Altri, come Petrucci e Corti hanno sostenuto come eliminare in toto Internet sia un approccio inutilmente drastico, e in ultima analisi inefficace, uno stato di auto-castrazione forzato che vorrebbe risolvere un problema eliminandolo del tutto; mentre invece sarebbe preferibile un approccio più ragionato e selettivo, potando i rami superflui, per arrivare a un rapporto più bilanciato con la dimensione attuale della connettività sempre attiva.

A mio parere hanno tutti un po’ di ragione, ma tendo a simpatizzare con Miller e le sue intenzioni, e credo che in parte sia stato frainteso. Come ho già sostenuto altre volte, considero Internet e questa dimensione del ‘sempre online’ come una sorta di droga necessaria. Necessaria non tanto perché sia indispensabile, quanto perché si tratta di un ingrediente della realtà di oggi con cui occorre fare inevitabilmente i conti, in un modo o nell’altro. Internet agisce esattamente come qualsiasi altra droga, alcool e fumo compresi, creando una assuefazione e una gratificazione istantanea che spingono gli utenti a volerne sempre di più. Con la mostruosa propagazione di smartphone e tablet, il ‘fare cose online’ non è più un’attività relegata allo stare davanti a un computer in una camera, studio o ufficio. È come avere una scorta infinita di sigarette sempre con sé, o una fiaschetta di whisky che non rimane mai secca. E come qualsiasi altra droga, Internet cambia le abitudini delle persone (personalmente ritengo che le cambi in peggio, ma non è di questo che voglio parlare adesso). 

A tante persone i cambiamenti portati da quest’Internet sempre più intrusiva vanno benissimo, vuoi perché hanno istintivamente trovato un proprio equilibrio, vuoi perché per loro lo stare collegati tutto il giorno non è un problema e non viene percepito come tale. Per chi invece si rende conto — come Miller — che l’onnipresenza di Internet sta diventando qualcosa che porta un impatto dannoso alla propria vita, il problema diventa come ‘disintossicarsi’ o almeno come regolarne l’intossicazione (e questo è il mio caso, in quanto il mio lavoro semplicemente mi impedisce di scollegarmi completamente da Internet per un anno, anche se avrei voglia). Ed è qui che le cose si complicano, in quanto di solito la soluzione a qualsiasi problema di droga è la disintossicazione: per curarsi definitivamente, qualsiasi drogato, fumatore, alcolizzato deve smettere di assumere la droga, punto e basta. Dire a un eroinomane “devi diminuire la dose”, a un fumatore “devi fumare meno”, a un bevitore “abbandona il whisky e bevi solo due bicchierini di vino a pasto” sono suggerimenti che non risolvono il problema. In questi casi è davvero una questione in cui le cose sono o bianche o nere. Con Internet siamo in piena scala di grigi.

Con Internet ognuno deve trovare un proprio sistema per regolare l’intossicazione. Ripeto, c’è chi riesce a farlo con continui aggiustamenti di tiro, ogni giorno, in tempo reale. C’è chi riesce a trovare un equilibrio fra vita online, bombardamento di informazioni, momenti di stacco da condividere di persona con amici e familiari. Poi ci sono persone come Miller, le quali, con ogni probabilità, hanno tirato avanti credendo che tutto andasse per il meglio finché un bel giorno sono arrivate a un punto di saturazione/rottura in cui si sono rese conto che le cose stavano perdendo il controllo. A un mio conoscente è successo quando, in una situazione di emergenza, era più impegnato a scrivere su Twitter della situazione di emergenza che non a mettersi in salvo, tanto gli si erano accumulati i riflessi condizionati.

Ecco, può darsi che l’idea di Miller di sganciarsi per un anno da Internet sia una sciocchezza, ché tanto poi a maggio 2013 tornerà a riconnettersi e nel giro di una settimana si ritroverà a vivere esattamente come prima, e che quindi non avrà risolto nulla. Però questo suo esperimento può anche servirgli a capire meglio quali parti di Internet siano indispensabili e quali meno e quali siano del tutto eliminabili, come del resto egli stesso ha dichiarato. (Soprattutto, un tale periodo di distacco può essere utile per togliere di mezzo certi riflessi condizionati della nostra interazione quotidiana con l’online, specie per quanto concerne reti sociali e servizi affini). Magari altri nella sua posizione hanno bisogno semplicemente di una settimana offline, o di un mese, ma non siamo tutti uguali e ritengo sia giusto rispettare la scelta di Miller, invece di reagire con sarcasmo o pensando che i propri metodi di vivere Internet siano i migliori o siano applicabili a chiunque indiscriminatamente.

The security blanket blues

Handpicked

Cameron Kaiser — among other things, developer of Classilla and TenFourFox — has written The security blanket blues, a thorough, utterly enjoyable entry on his TenFourFox Development blog about the current state of security for PowerPC Macs. If, like me, you still use PowerPC Macs running Mac OS X 10.4 and 10.5, you should read this and follow his expert advice. This is bookmark-worthy.

We need to be realistic and realize our dear Power Macs are not absolutely invulnerable, but we can make them practically so. While I respect those who run Linux on their Macs, for me I need Classic compatibility and the ability to run the apps I’ve paid good money for over the years (part of what also keeps me from switching to Intel, besides my general bigotry against x86 ISA), and there is no substitute for 10.4 or to a lesser extent 10.5. I run my Macs behind a hardware firewall and I practice what I preach in software. If we’re judicious, careful and methodical, we can be nearly as functional as anyone else on the hardware we paid good money for and faithfully maintain. 

Amen to that.